At each of the different stages of developing a new venture there are different significant challenges to overcome in order to make a successful transition to the next stage, what the researchers call "critical junctures". Which of the following is not normally such a critical transition?

Entrepreneurial commitment - persistence that bind the venture champion to the emerging business venture.

Venture credibility - of the venture team, key customers and other social capital and relationships.

Resource availability - access to the necessary financial resources.

Opportunity recognition - the ability to connect know-how to a commercial application.

Many dimensions of climate have been shown to influence innovation and entrepreneurship. Which the following is not associated with innovation and entrepreneurship?

Time and space for generating new ideas.

Challenge and involvement to stimulate innovation.

Complete trust and lack of conflict.

Support for risk-taking and mistakes.

The Kirton Adapter-Innovator (KAI) scale is a psycho-metric approach for assessing the creativity of individuals. By a series of questions it seeks to identify an individuals attitudes towards originality, attention to detail and following rules. It seeks to differentiate “adaptive” from “innovative” styles. Which of the following is not true?

Adaptors focus on 'doing better'.

Adaptors create stretch solutions.

Innovators create more acceptable solutions.

Innovators reconstruct problems and assumptions.

Regular and predictable.

Collective, social and tacit.

Easily observable and measured.

Guide cognition, behaviour and performance.

The characteristics of a creative mind include:

Highly selective to data.

A fast, patterned response.

Willingness to suspend judgement.

Strong technical problem-solving capability.

Cognitive maps are a useful methods to encourage creativity and promote innovation. Which of the following is not a benefit of using cognitive maps?

Help to build consensus.

Make assumptions explicit.

Involve different stakeholders.

Can be used individually, or in groups.

Three different aspects interact to promote or constrain creativity and innovation. Which of these is not a typical example?

Personality and cognitive style.

Process of creative problem-solving.

Tools and techniques for creativity.

Climate and culture.

The concept of "organizational slack" was developed to identify the difference between resources currently needed and the total resources available to an organization.Which of the following is not a characteristic of slack?

Organizational slack represents a static inefficiency.

Tends to optimize performance and increase efficiency.

Organizational slack can act as a dynamic shock absorber.

Tends to be self-reinforcing due to positive feedback.

A number of models of the creative process can be helpful to those who need to engage in innovation and entrepreneurship. One proven and practical process for challenging the way we perceive things includes three main stages. Which of these is not a stage in the process?

Raising the resources.

Understanding the opportunity.

Generating ideas.

Planning for action.

Organizational culture is important for innovation, but the concept of organizational climate is preferable. Which of the following is not true?

Climate is easier to assess and measure.

Culture cannot be directly observed.

Culture is more difficult to influence or change.

Climate explains more of the variance in performance.

Schein identifies a number of surface manifestations of organizational culture, most of which influence the degree and direction of innovation. Which of the following is not such a manifestation of culture?

Bulidings, facilities and tools.

Rites and rituals.

Heros and role models.

Products and services.

The successful framing of problems or opportunities demands a number of disciplines. Which of the following is not desirable?

Consider many, varied alternatives.

Prioritize implementable solutions.

Craft specific but open problem statements.

Ignore limiting or restrictive criteria.

The cognitive abilities necessary for creativy include all but which of these charactersitics?

Implementation and improvisation.

Intelligence to interpret and manipulate informaton.

Attention and perception to acquire and assess knowledge.

Wisdom to select and filter information.

Venture capitalists assess business plans in different ways. However, which of the following would not be expected to encourage funding?

Personality and experience of the entrepreneurs.

Market and competitior assessment.

High-technology product or service.

Financial projections.

De Bono introduced the term lateral thinking to describe alternatives to logical thought, and has a long and distinguished career promoting applied creative thinking. Lateral thinking can be helped by a number of methods and techniques. Which of the following is not an example?

Distort the relationships or cause and effect.

Use brainstorming.

Remove or suspend an assumption or goal.

Use a metaphor or character.